I can repeat the formatting problem, no matter which csv format I use for saving the file. Saving as a txt file doesn't change things.
Excel is just trying to be helpful—it recognizes the entry as a date and displays the cell using the system 'short date format'. That is, it converts the date string from the file to an Excel date. The only way I found to work around this is to change the system short date format to yyyy-mm-dd.
Using Windows 10, you can get to the date and time settings quickly by left clicking on the clock in the system tray. Click on 'Date and time settings' at the bottom of the calendar, then click 'Change date and time formats'. Finally, make your selection under 'Short date'.