OK, you should use whichever table is your look-up table (the table that has each Department and Department_Num listed once) as the rowsource for the combo box. When you use the combo box, even though you can see both fields in the list, the text area of the combo box will only show one of the fields after you have selected, so pick whichever field will be more appropriate to see after you have selected. Next, you'll need two fields on your form which will be bound to the two fields in the other table (the table that you're trying to actually put the data into). Make these visible or invisible, your choice. Alright, now, when you use the After_Update code for the combo box, these text boxes will update with the corresponding fields that you selected out of of the combo and thus your underlying table will update with those values.
*edit* Since you have separated your information into two tables, you can skip the query writing stage and tap this data straight from the look-up table.