It may possibly be able, but I think it is going to be needlessly complex. I think you would have to find where the first one is found, and then start the second VLOOKUP from that point on, so you don't return the first one again. Might be better to use INDEX/MATCH than VLOOKUP. But if you are trying to lookup multiple values in column A, it could really get crazy (unless someone knows some good "tricks").
IMO, the effort isn't really worth it. I don't think it is a method any reasonable person would ever use, when they are much better options available.
Some of the newer functions, like SORT and FILTER make these sort of questions much easier.