Hi Adam,
firstly, Pete's right - we are a little blind here in terms of your data.
But secondly, your original post gave us just "one line" of information to follow .. (which thankfully I managed to interpret more or less well and get you what you asked for).
Looking now at your "new requirements" we see they are very much different to what you wanted us to achieve for you .. so as a guide, try to post more info in your first post to allow the entire problem to be looked at. That will give you more chance of successful outcome from one of the kind knowledgeable peeps on the forum
. It maybe that you need to describe your workflow process also, to allow people to consider different angles. .. all of which is entirely possible here - but some sample data is real key to go with that, even if as Pete says, is just 10 rows or so with all the columns.
If I may hazard an attempt to understand your new need, the columns of data you manually inserted on Sheet2 alongside the "ever changing" column of data pulled from Sheet1 will never be able to be linked by row in Sheet2. It is simply because the formula I gave is operating only on a specific column of Sheet1 information, and doesn't care about sheet2. The formula has no idea about what you are entering in other columns on the sheet.
Thinking aloud here, if you have a process where you are manually typing info into a cell, then maybe it could be better to manually type the data into Sheet1.
If you think about it, you can still have your columns of "X" (presumably this means you want to add some data somewhere in a column based on what you have told us so far), so just filter the entire columns on your "X" column to show only those in the dataset, and type away .. That way you keep your entire dataset in one piece ... ?
cheers
Rob