CHAR takes a number that represents a numeric code for an ASCII character, and returns the ASCII character. For example
=CHAR(65)
returns "A"
SEQUENCE returns a series of numbers. The format is
SEQUENCE(rows[,columns][,start][,step])
Rows is omitted, so it's going to give you a single row.
Columns is 26, so it will give you 26 values.
start is 65, so it will start with 65
It will give you a row of numbers from 65 to 90, which are the ASCII codes for characters A-Z.
UPPER converts all lowercase characters in a text string to uppercase.
It's hard to tell what this formula does without knowing what is in cells A2:A4. Using a range in UPPER means that this is an array formula. I am guessing that A2:A4 contains some sort of serial number that starts with digits then followed by letters. This formula looks at each cell and finds the numeric part at the beginning, then adds them all up.
Please update your profile because SEQUENCE and TEXTBEFORE are not available until Microsoft 365.