Hi tbrookes, there are a couple of different ways to go about this depending on how you have your worksheet set up. Also, how the formula is written would depend on what you mean by "and the added date equals criteria I specify". What criteria do you want it to meet and where would you specify it? To simply count the number of instances where the completed date is greater than the scheduled date, I can think of two quick ways just off the top of my head.
[table="width: 500, class: grid"]
[tr]
[td]Action[/td]
[td]date added[/td]
[td]date scheduled[/td]
[td]date completed[/td]
[td]Action Over Schedule?[/td]
[td]Total Actions Over Schedule Version 1[/td]
[td]Total Actions Over Schedule Version 2[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Walk Dog[/td]
[td]1/1/2016[/td]
[td]1/10/2016[/td]
[td]1/13/2016[/td]
[td]=IF(COUNTIF(D2,">"&C2)=1,"yes","no")[/td]
[td]=COUNTIF(E2:E4,"=yes")[/td]
[td]=COUNTIF(D2,">"&C2)+COUNTIF(D3,">"&C3)+COUNTIF(D4,">"&C4)[/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Take Trash[/td]
[td]1/1/2016[/td]
[td]1/13/2016[/td]
[td]1/13/2016[/td]
[td]=IF(COUNTIF(D3,">"&C3)=1,"yes","no")[/td]
[td][/td]
[td][/td]
[/tr]
[tr]
[td]Sweep[/td]
[td]1/3/2016[/td]
[td]1/12/2016[/td]
[td]1/10/2016[/td]
[td]=IF(COUNTIF(D4,">"&C4)=1,"yes","no")[/td]
[td][/td]
[td][/td]
[/tr]
[/table]
As shown, there are two versions. The first, uses a COUNTIF function for each row then another to count the total number that were over. This is easy to do because you can just flashfill the COUNTIFs for each row. Unfortunately, that means you have another column in your worksheet that you may or may not want. The second version stacks COUNTIFs in a single cell. This takes up less space in your workbook but very quickly becomes tedious and tiresome. Plus, these formulas will need to be altered to include whatever that other criteria is that you are wanting to specify.
Again, I understand this isn't fully what you are asking, but maybe we can work from here as I better understand what you are looking for.