You might be able to use something like this:
If a workbook is linked...AND...is currently open
the linking formula has this structure:
Code:
D2: ='[FileName.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
BUT...if the file is NOT open
the linking formula has this structure:
Code:
D2: ='C:\FolderName\[FileName.xlsx]Sheet1'!A1
So, you might be able to use the FORMULATEXT function to return the formula in the cell and maybe search for a specific pattern:
Code:
E2: =IF(ISERR(SEARCH(":\",FORMULATEXT(D2))),"Open","Closed")
Note: The search term is COLON BACKSLASH....The website may corrupt that.
Is that something you can work with?