I don't think so. And I think you need exclusive access to it.
Why do you need this?
Is it just a matter of re-opening it after you compact it, or is there something else going on here?
Sure, but how really depends on how you are trying to do all this.
If you are trying to do all this automatically by script, have a look here: MS Access: how to compact current database in VBA - Stack Overflow
You should be able to add a line of code to open the Access database at the end.
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