You can also do a similar thing with IF function, e.g.
=VLOOKUP(A2,IF({1,0},C2:C10,B2:B10),2,0)
that looks up A2 in C2:C10 and returns the corresponding value from B2:B10
It's a nice trick, as is the CHOOSE option, but if you want your formulas to be easily understood and modified (possibly by others), then it would probably be better to use a more "conventional" INDEX/MATCH approach like
=INDEX(B2:B10,MATCH(A2,C2:C10,0))