Hi Greyfog,
I would use a query for this. Create a new query, and drag over table A and include the fields of interest. You will need a new field for 'optional'.
I think you would want something like
Table A
partNo/qty/optional(T/F)
You won't actually be writing over your standard quantity, Access doesn't really work like that. You have to store both numbers (standard/optional). The field 'useoption' will determine which quantity to go with.
Your query should display all records from TableA (you must narrow this down using criteria).
If you base a form of this query, and have the criteria for this query look to a text box on the form, you can enter a part number (you'll need to add a requery action to the textbox on_change event to keep the form fresh) and have a listbox, or datasheet display the part number's qunatity. I think you will need a button that says something like 'add optional qty', and when clicked, creates a new record, checks optional, and sets the part number to the number in the text box. Now you have a blank field for quantity, and when filled, you will have a new record with quantity, optional = true, and the part number, which I think will cover your bases.
HTH,